Look at what I am studying
Short Answer Questions (5 marks)
1. Compare transudate, modified transudate and exudate. Give an example of a disease that would be associated with a transudate, modified transudate and exudate.
2. Compare haemorrhage and diapedesis, what processes cause haemorrhage and diapedesis, give an example of a disease characterised by diapedesis and haemorrhage.
3. What is Apoptosis? Briefly contrast the process of apoptosis and necrosis.
4. What is Haemosiderosis? Give examples of lesions in which this process might occur.
5. Cells and tissues vary in their ability to adapt. Using examples, list the features of cells and organs that influence their ability to adapt
6. Discuss the most plausible relationship between the following pathological changes:
Chronic hepatic abscessation, severe, acute epistaxis, hemoptysis and sudden death.
7. Explain the relationship between the administration of corticosteroids and the alleviation of pain and fever.
8. Your good friend is working on a farm during her summer holidays and rings you to tell you about her day helping the farmer kill a sheep to butcher for meat. She tells you they ended up having to kill 2 sheep because when they opened the abdomen of the first sheep there were multiple pale tan-yellow nodules, ranging from 1 to 3cm diameter, occupying 70% of the liver. When the farmer cut into the nodules they had a putty-like consistency in the centre with a firm outer margin. The farmer decided to cut this sheep up for dog meat and kill another sheep for human consumption (which appeared grossly normal).
What pathological process(s) do you think are responsible for the changes in the liver of the first sheep and why? Was it a good idea to feed the sheep with the liver lesions to the dogs and why?
9. Explain the events that occur in the healing of a sutured surgical skin wound caused by a scalpel.
10. What are the possible consequences of disease? Give examples.
11. What is meant by the term functional reserve capacity, give examples.
12. Briefly discuss the following pathological processes, and give examples of where each might occur. (5 marks each)
a. Atrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Lipofuscinosis
d. Gangrene
e. Metastatic calcification
f. Jaundice
13. What do the terms ‘benign’ and ‘malignant’ mean with respect to neoplasia?
14. What are oncogenes, and how are they related to the development of neoplasia?
15. Using pRb (the retinoblastoma gene product) as an example, outline what is meant by a tumour suppressor gene / protein.
16. How do viruses cause cancer?
17. How do the developmental periods of the fetus differ in their susceptibility to teratogens?
18. Briefly discuss one viral teratogen.
19. Why was thalidomide banned, and why may it now reappear?
20. How may teratogens be classified?
Medium Length Questions (10 marks)
1. Discuss how the immune response influences the development and progression of tuberculosis
2. What is oedema, how does it form, give examples?
3. What are the main cellular, chemical and vascular elements of acute inflammation, discuss in broad terms, how they cause the cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
4. From you knowledge of cellular injury and adaptive responses, briefly explain the meaning the following statement:-
“The normal cell, the adapted cell, the injured cell and the dead cell are hazily delimited states along a continuum of function and structure”
5. Outline how the susceptibility to teratogens of a developing mammal varies with its developmental stage
6. Discuss the prothrombotic and antithrombotic properties of endothelial cells.
7. Discuss the process and purpose of scarring; include in your discussion the consequences of scarring in different organs.
8. Compare and contrast the processes of acute and chronic inflammation. Include in your discussion the elements involved in each process, what determines whether there is an acute or chronic inflammatory response and the physiological effects of acute and chronic inflammation.
Woo hoo and this will be alot like MY final in four weeks....holy #$%^!!!!!
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